Chapter 8 Meaning and Context意义和语境 Context in its traditional sense refers to the lexical items that precede or follow a given word. Modern linguists have broadened its scope to include both linguistic and extra-linguistic context

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Chapter 4. Cultural Differences in Everybody Conversations 1. Vocatives and culture Names(English people have given names, surnames, full names, with or without a title, and nicknames or pet names.) Religious names Chinese versions Meaning

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第四章 新闻评论的说理论述(重点章) 一、说理论述的基本要求 说理论述的基本要求是： 1、论据和论点的结合。这是新闻评论说理论述一条基本的也是最重要的原则和方法。实践表明，

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2. Greetings and farewells 2.1 Greetings English : use these sentences how do you do how are you , hello or hi are frequently used greeting among colleagues, classmates, friends and family members. For Chinese learners of English it is impo

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主语（Subject) 主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物。主语通常是一些代表事物性或实 体性的问语。如： Bookkeeping is all essential accounting tool. 簿记是会计的基本工具。 除了名词

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状语（Adverbial） 状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的，表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。 作状语的词有副词或相当于副词的其它词、短语、从句。如： Accounting is one of the fa

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形容词 形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质，状态，和特征。 形容词在句中作定语，表语，宾语，补语。 She is a good student，and she works hard. 她是一个好学生，她学习努力

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Chapter 3 Morphology形态学 Definition定义 Morphology is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 形态学是语法的一个分支，研究词的内部结构和构词规则

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谓语（Predicate） 谓语说明主语做什么、是什么或怎么样。 I have read Romance of the West Chamber。 我看过《西厢记》 Silent words of love acre passing between us. 无声的情话在我们之间交流。 We should

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Chapter 4 Syntax 句法学 1．What is Syntax? Syntax studies the sentence structure of language. The term syntax came originally from Greek. It literally meant arrangement. It means that sentences are structured according to a particular a

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定语（Attribute） 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。如： A small business may employ only one bookkeeper. 小企业可以只雇用一个簿记员。 除形容词之外，数词、名词所有格、动词不定式、介词短语、

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7. Tree diagrams of sentence structure句子结构树形图 The hierarchical order can be best illustrated with a tree diagram of constituent structure. 句子的层次结构可以用各组成部分的树形图来很好地说明。见课文

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