3.3 Words and affective meaning
sexy, young, dog, ambitious, aggressive, self-made man, inpidualism, equalitarianism or egalitarianism are positive in English, but pejorative in Chinese
Landlord, capitalist, boss, free love are pejorative in Chinese, but neutral in English
Old, peasant, comrade, do-gooder, propaganda are pejorative in English, but neutral in Chinese.
3.4 Words and reflected meaning
Green house: (E: emphasize its function, while Chinese view its from its physical characteristic.)
Black tea: (E: named it after the colour of tea(leave), C: named it after the colour of tea(water colour)
Ferrous metal: (E: according its ingredients. C: according their colours)
Snakehead: (E: its head is its distinctive feature, C: it is its colour )
Sun spot: (a spot black in colour)
Wall clock: (E: where clocks can be found is the distinctive feature, C: emphasize the ways in which they are used.)
Stop watch: (E: emphasize its mechanic quality, C: lay stress on the purpose for which it is used)
Contact Lenses: (English speaker views the way they used, but Chinese attracted to their invisibility)
Business Card: (it is used stand out in E, and its content is foregrounded in C)
Marble-hearted: (it is a specific term in Englsih, but a general term in Chinese)
Wood pulp：纸浆（english reminds us of the raw material, Chinese term the product）
3.5 Words and collocative meaning.
English terms | Their collocates（配置） |
Vice | President, chairman, chancellor, consul, governor, etc |
Associate | Professor, editor, director, etc |
Depute | Chairman, command-in-chief, mayor, head, etc. |
Lieutenant(陆军中尉) | Governor, general, colonel, etc |
under | Secretary of States, secretary, etc. |
副 | 总统、主席、市长、总督、国务卿、领事、校长、教授、主编、指挥等 |
中 | 将、校等 |
Vice: one that takes the place of
Associate: having secondary or subordinate status or closely connected(as in function of office) with
Deputy: a second-in-command or assistant who usually takes charge when his superior is absent
Lieutenant: an official empowered for a higher official or an aid or representative of another in the performance of duty.
Under: lower in authority of rand.
Make a road 筑路
Make progress 取得进步
Make efforts 作出努力
Make a poem 作诗
Make one’s position known 表明立场
Make a fire 生火
Make tea 沏茶
Make money 挣钱
Make enemies 树敌
Make peace 讲和
Take a book 拿一本书
Take a city 占领一座城
Take an umbrella 带一把伞
Take the first place 获得第一名
Take one’s leave 告辞
Take cold 感冒
Take a seat 就坐
Take harbour 避入港湾
Take the floor 发言
Take the blame 承担过错
Take a cup of tea 喝一杯茶
Take action 采取行动
Take a photograph 照相
Take a bath 洗澡
Look at the blackboard 看黑板
See a film 看电影
Watch TV 看电视
Read a book 看书
Visit a friend 看朋友
Go to a doctor 看医生
Depend on circumstances 看情况
Trim one’s sails看风使舵
Open a tin 开罐头
Turn on light 开灯
Switch on TV 开电视
Serve a meal 开饭
Show mercy 开恩
Drive a car 开车
Sail a ship 开船
Fly a plane 开飞机
Exploit a mine 开矿
Reclaim wasteland 开荒
Straighten out one’s ideas 开窍
Feel happy 开心
Stimulate the appetite 开胃
Begin to speak 开腔
Fire a gun 开炮
Make war 开战
Crack a joke 开玩笑
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